Explanatory Secrets in the Emergence of Quantum Mechanics an Analytical Historical Study of Concepts from the Atom to Wave-Particle Duality
Abstract
Hasan Sadik Al-Hasani
This research provides a comprehensive overview of the emergence of quantum mechanics and the fundamental experiments that shaped our understanding of the subatomic world. It begins by explaining Max Planck’s discovery, which described energy as quantized rather than a continuous flow. It then discusses Einstein’s work on the photoelectric effect, which confirmed the particle nature of light. The research also reviews the atomic models of Thomson and Rutherford, Millikan’s oil drop experiment for measuring the electron’s charge, and the double-slit experiment, which revealed the wave nature of particles.
The text discusses the philosophical challenges raised by Heisenberg (uncertainty principle), Bohr (Copenhagen interpretation), and Schrödinger (his famous cat), pointing out that many foundations of quantum mechanics originated from imprecise theoretical interpretations of practical experiments, such as the photoelectric effect and the double-slit experiment, leading to theories that appear to conflict with classical physics.
It concludes that the electron, despite numerous studies, remains an enigmatic entity because it possesses both wave and particle properties simultaneously. The modern image of the atom shows a probabilistic “electron cloud” around the nucleus, confirming the need for a deeper understanding based on scientific evidence rather than speculative models.
The research is part of a chapter in my book published on Amazon entitled: (Physics Shock in the Clash of Geniuses)
