Energy Science, Engineering, and Policy

Classical MPPT in a Partially Shaded PV String: Technical Note on System Operation and Control

Abstract

Pietro Perlo

This report describes the practical implementation of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for a string of four series connected monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells. The system includes a boost DC DC converter that interfaces the low voltage PV string to a 36 V battery, and each cell has an individual MOSFET bypass switch to mitigate partial shading. We explain the operating principles, the MPPT algorithms (Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance), the bypass logic, and the closed loop control that adjusts the converter’s duty cycle to maximise power transfer. Step by step descriptions and supporting figures clarify the process.

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