International Journal of Scientific Progress and Technology Research
Sustainable Cold-Chain Infrastructure for Viksit Bharat 2047: A Thermo-Fluid Engineering Perspective
Abstract
Syed Eirfan Atthar
The development of resilient and energy-efficient cold-chain infrastructure is increasingly recognized as a critical requirement for achieving sustainable logistics and food security goals in emerging economies. In the context of India’s Viksit Bharat 2047 vision, improving refrigeration system performance and thermal system efficiency is essential for reducing post-harvest losses, maintaining pharmaceutical product integrity, and enabling low-carbon supply chains [1]. However, many existing cold-chain systems operate with limited optimization of thermo-fluid parameters, leading to higher energy consumption and inconsistent temperature control across storage and transportation networks. This study examines sustainable cold-chain infrastructure from a thermo-fluid engineering perspective, focusing on the thermodynamic behaviour of refrigeration systems commonly employed in cold storage facilities and refrigerated transport. Key engineering aspects such as heat transfer mechanisms, refrigerant flow characteristics, compressor work requirements, and insulation-related thermal losses are analysed to understand their influence on refrigeration efficiency. A conceptual framework is proposed to integrate improved thermal system design, optimized refrigerant management, and data-assisted monitoring strategies for enhancing energy performance within cold-chain networks. The analysis highlights that improved heat exchanger effectiveness, reduced thermal leakage, and stable refrigerant mass flow can significantly enhance the coefficient of performance (COP) of refrigeration systems while maintaining the temperature stability required for food and pharmaceutical logistics. Strengthening cold-chain infrastructure through thermo-fluid optimization can therefore contribute to sustainable supply chain development, reduced energy demand, and improved resilience of temperature-sensitive logistics systems. These insights support the broader objective of developing energy-efficient and environmentally responsible infrastructure aligned with India’s long-term development goals under the Viksit Bharat 2047 initiative.