International Journal of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering
Production of Activated Carbons: Processes, Applications, and Environmental Considerations
Abstract
Kombou Victor, Kamgang Maffo Esther and Ghogomu Julius Numbonui
Activated carbon, renowned for its exceptional ad- sorption properties, plays a crucial role in numerous applications, ranging from water purification and air filtration to medical treatments and industrial processes. This paper comprehensively reviews the production processes, applications, and environ- mental considerations of activated carbon through a systematic literature analysis and synthesis of recent research findings. Key applications include the removal of organic contaminants from drinking water with up to 99% efficiency and the capture of volatile organic compounds in air purification systems, demon- starting removal rates exceeding 90%. The study delves into the intricacies of activated carbon production, encompassing the se- lection of precursor materials, the activation processes employed, and the resultant characteristics that define its effectiveness. Our analysis reveals that the production of activated carbon can have significant environmental implications, including high energy consumption (typically 5-10 MWh per ton) and waste generation. However, emerging sustainable production methods, such as the utilization of agricultural waste as precursors, show promise in reducing environmental impact while maintaining performance. This review concludes that understanding and optimizing activated carbon production is crucial for promoting sustainability in various industries and recommends further research into low-energy activation techniques and life cycle assessments to guide future developments in this field.