Clinical Trials and Medical Case Reports
Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in a 22-Month-Old Toddler: A Rare and Uncustomary Age of Onset
Abstract
Abrham Bire Akeberegn and Amanuel Anegagregn Bizuneh
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is a significant immunological complication following Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections, commonly affecting children aged 5 to 15 years. It is rare in children under 3 years due to their immature immune systems, which limit the exaggerated immune response seen in APSGN. The condition presents with hematuria, edema, hypertension, and renal insufficiency, and is diagnosed through elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titers, low complement levels, and a history of recent GAS infection. Although the prognosis for children is typically favorable, APSGN remains a major concern, especially in regions where GAS is endemic.