Reviews in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Primary Care and Nephrology Professionals
Abstract
Abel Mata-Lima and Jose Javier Serrano-Olmedo
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently underdiagnosed, particularly in primary care. This study evaluates diagnostic practices, referral patterns, and interprofessional coordination in Spain.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among primary care physicians and nephrologists. Qualitative responses were analyzed thematically and complemented with descriptive statistics.
Results: Major barriers included insufficient training in primary care, limited access to timely laboratory data, and fragmented communication systems. Referral decisions were frequently based on advanced disease markers rather than early indicators.
Conclusions: Improving CKD outcomes in Spain requires enhanced training, digital integration, and early detection strategies.