Journal of Cardiology Research and Endovascular Therapy
Patient Specific Implants for Facial Plastic Surgery
Abstract
Joan Birbe Foraster
Facial plastic surgery presents complex reconstructive challenges requiring precision, biocompatibility, and personalized solutions. The advent of 3D printing has enabled the development of patient-specific implants (PSIs) that optimize structural integration, minimize complications, and improve aesthetic and functional outcomes. This review examines advances in 3D-printed facial implants with a focus on materials engineering, computer-assisted design, and surgical customization. It also highlights interdisciplinary innovations—such as antimicrobial coatings, drug-eluting surfaces, and bioprinting—that parallel developments in cardiovascular and endovascular device design. Understanding these convergences opens new pathways for cross-specialty implant technologies with shared standards in vascularization, healing dynamics, and smart functionality.