Endocrinology and Endocrine System

Menopause

Menopause is the condition that ends the menstrual cycle and end of fertility. Menopause is a natural biological process that can be seen in women over 40 years. It is considered without menstrual for 12 months from the last period. It can be seen mostly in the age between 45-55 years and it can lasts from 7-14 years. There are several factors for the cause of menopause. Three types of menopause conditions we can observe. Perimenopause, menopause and postmenopause. Perimenopause condition is seen before menopause. Hormone changes occur, it means preparing for the menopause condition. Postmenopause condition is seen after the occurrence of menopause.

Symptoms for menopause condition are

• Irregular periods
• Heavy/Light periods
• Chills
• Night sweats
• Sleep issues
• Dry skin
• Hair thinning
• Mood swings
• Weight gain
• Slow rate of metabolism
• Loss of breast
• Hot flashes
• Dryness in vagina
• Depression
• Memory problems
• Increased urination
• UTIs
• Reduced bone mass
• Periodontal disease

Diagnosis

It can be diagnosed by a blood test that measures the levels of Hormones.

Treatment

Hormone therapy may be an effective treatment in women below 60 years of age.

Causes of menopause are

• Changes in reproductive hormones
• Hysterectomy
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Primary ovarian insufficiency

Complications of menopause conditions are

• cardiovascular disease
• Osteoporosis
• Urinary incontinence
• Sexual function
• Weight gain

Prevention

• Physical Exercise
• Weight management
• Healthy diet
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Quitting smoking
• Limiting alcohol use

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