Endocrinology and Endocrine System

Diabetes

Diabetes

Diabetes is a metabolic disease which also known as Diabetes mellitus, caused high level of sugar in the blood. With diabetes condition, our body cannot produce Insulin (A Hormone, which plays a major role in the metabolism. It helps in the storage of energy).

Few Different types of Diabetes are classified based on the metabolism

Prediabetes

Prediabetes is a condition having high sugar levels than normal. But it is not enough to diagnose. In this condition symptoms cannot be seen in many people.

Prediabetes includes lifestyle such as diet and exercise, and medication. If you have prediabetes you may develop type 2 diabetes within a short period.

Type I Diabetes

Type I Diabetes is an autoimmune disease condition in which little amount or no insulin is produced by pancreas where the immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, where insulin is made. This condition is also called as Juvenile Diabetes.

The cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. It involves the combination of environmental factors and genetic conditions. It can be diagnosed by testing sugar levels in the blood. Prevention of type 1 diabetes is not known. It can be treated with Insulin, if not treated complications may occurs. Diet and exercise are important factors in the management of diabetes type I.

Type II Diabetes

Type II Diabetes is a chronic condition in which sugar or glucose levels are high in the blood. Type II diabetes is known as adult-onset diabetes. Type II diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency which can develop slowly. Primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise. Lifestyle is an important factor in the development of type II diabetes, includes obesity, poor diet, stress, and urbanization. Smoking increases the risk of type II diabetes. Consumption of sweetened drinks in excess is associated with an increased risk of type II diabetes. It can be diagnosed for a single raised glucose reading with symptoms, otherwise raised values on two occasions, of either fasting plasma glucose levels or with a glucose tolerance test, two hours after the oral dose. Type II diabetes can be prevented through proper nutrition and regular exercise may reduce the risk of diabetes. Several anti-diabetic medications are available.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is the condition develops in woman without diabetes in earlier health record but occurs during pregnancy. It causes high blood sugar during pregnancy which affects pregnancy and baby's health. It increases the risk of pre-eclampsia, depression, and also a Caesarean section. Risk factors include overweight, family history of type 2 diabetes, having polycystic ovarian syndrome. It can be diagnosed by blood test between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation period. Prevention of gestational diabetes is maintaining a healthy weight and physical activity.

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