Endocrinology and Endocrine System

Type 2 Diabetes

Type II Diabetes is a chronic condition in which sugar or glucose levels are high in the blood. Type II diabetes is known as adult-onset diabetes. Type II diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency which can develop slowly. Primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise. Lifestyle is an important factor in the development of type II diabetes, includes obesity, poor diet, stress, and urbanization. Smoking increases the risk of type II diabetes. Consumption of sweetened drinks in excess is associated with an increased risk of type II diabetes. It can be diagnosed for a single raised glucose reading with symptoms, otherwise raised values on two occasions, of either fasting plasma glucose levels or with a glucose tolerance test, two hours after the oral dose. Type II diabetes can be prevented through proper nutrition and regular exercise may reduce the risk of diabetes. Several anti-diabetic medications are available.

Journal key Highlights